`langchain.retrievers.parent_document_retriever`.ParentDocumentRetriever¶

class langchain.retrievers.parent_document_retriever.ParentDocumentRetriever[source]¶

Bases: MultiVectorRetriever

Retrieve small chunks then retrieve their parent documents.

When splitting documents for retrieval, there are often conflicting desires:

You may want to have small documents, so that their embeddings can most
accurately reflect their meaning. If too long, then the embeddings can lose meaning.
You want to have long enough documents that the context of each chunk is
retained.

The ParentDocumentRetriever strikes that balance by splitting and storing small chunks of data. During retrieval, it first fetches the small chunks but then looks up the parent ids for those chunks and returns those larger documents.

Note that “parent document” refers to the document that a small chunk originated from. This can either be the whole raw document OR a larger chunk.

Examples

from langchain_community.embeddings import OpenAIEmbeddings
from langchain_community.vectorstores import Chroma
from langchain_text_splitters import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
from langchain.storage import InMemoryStore

# This text splitter is used to create the parent documents
parent_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=2000, add_start_index=True)
# This text splitter is used to create the child documents
# It should create documents smaller than the parent
child_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=400, add_start_index=True)
# The vectorstore to use to index the child chunks
vectorstore = Chroma(embedding_function=OpenAIEmbeddings())
# The storage layer for the parent documents
store = InMemoryStore()

# Initialize the retriever
retriever = ParentDocumentRetriever(
    vectorstore=vectorstore,
    docstore=store,
    child_splitter=child_splitter,
    parent_splitter=parent_splitter,
)

Create a new model by parsing and validating input data from keyword arguments.

Raises ValidationError if the input data cannot be parsed to form a valid model.

param byte_store: Optional[ByteStore] = None¶: The lower-level backing storage layer for the parent documents

param child_metadata_fields: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None¶: Metadata fields to leave in child documents. If None, leave all parent document metadata.

param child_splitter: TextSplitter [Required]¶: The text splitter to use to create child documents.

param docstore: BaseStore[str, Document] [Required]¶: The storage interface for the parent documents

param id_key: str = 'doc_id'¶

param metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None¶: Optional metadata associated with the retriever. Defaults to None This metadata will be associated with each call to this retriever, and passed as arguments to the handlers defined in callbacks. You can use these to eg identify a specific instance of a retriever with its use case.

param parent_splitter: Optional[TextSplitter] = None¶: The text splitter to use to create parent documents. If none, then the parent documents will be the raw documents passed in.

param search_kwargs: dict [Optional]¶: Keyword arguments to pass to the search function.

param search_type: SearchType = SearchType.similarity¶: Type of search to perform (similarity / mmr)

param tags: Optional[List[str]] = None¶: Optional list of tags associated with the retriever. Defaults to None These tags will be associated with each call to this retriever, and passed as arguments to the handlers defined in callbacks. You can use these to eg identify a specific instance of a retriever with its use case.

param vectorstore: VectorStore [Required]¶: The underlying vectorstore to use to store small chunks and their embedding vectors

async abatch(inputs: List[Input], config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]] = None, *, return_exceptions: bool = False, **kwargs: Optional[Any]) → List[Output]¶

Default implementation runs ainvoke in parallel using asyncio.gather.

The default implementation of batch works well for IO bound runnables.

Subclasses should override this method if they can batch more efficiently; e.g., if the underlying runnable uses an API which supports a batch mode.

Parameters

inputs (List[Input]) –
config (Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]]) –
return_exceptions (bool) –
kwargs (Optional[Any]) –

Return type

List[Output]

async abatch_as_completed(inputs: List[Input], config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]] = None, *, return_exceptions: bool = False, **kwargs: Optional[Any]) → AsyncIterator[Tuple[int, Union[Output, Exception]]]¶

Run ainvoke in parallel on a list of inputs, yielding results as they complete.

Parameters

inputs (List[Input]) –
config (Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]]) –
return_exceptions (bool) –
kwargs (Optional[Any]) –

Return type

AsyncIterator[Tuple[int, Union[Output, Exception]]]

add_documents(documents: List[Document], ids: Optional[List[str]] = None, add_to_docstore: bool = True) → None[source]¶

Adds documents to the docstore and vectorstores.

Parameters

documents (List[Document]) – List of documents to add
ids (Optional[List[str]]) – Optional list of ids for documents. If provided should be the same length as the list of documents. Can be provided if parent documents are already in the document store and you don’t want to re-add to the docstore. If not provided, random UUIDs will be used as ids.
add_to_docstore (bool) – Boolean of whether to add documents to docstore. This can be false if and only if ids are provided. You may want to set this to False if the documents are already in the docstore and you don’t want to re-add them.

Return type

None

async aget_relevant_documents(query: str, *, callbacks: Callbacks = None, tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, run_name: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs: Any) → List[Document]¶

[Deprecated] Asynchronously get documents relevant to a query.

Users should favor using .ainvoke or .abatch rather than aget_relevant_documents directly.

Parameters

query (str) – string to find relevant documents for
callbacks (Callbacks) – Callback manager or list of callbacks
tags (Optional[List[str]]) – Optional list of tags associated with the retriever. Defaults to None These tags will be associated with each call to this retriever, and passed as arguments to the handlers defined in callbacks.
metadata (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) – Optional metadata associated with the retriever. Defaults to None This metadata will be associated with each call to this retriever, and passed as arguments to the handlers defined in callbacks.
run_name (Optional[str]) – Optional name for the run.
kwargs (Any) –

Returns

List of relevant documents

Return type

List[Document]

Notes

Deprecated since version langchain-core==0.1.46: Use ainvoke instead.

async ainvoke(input: str, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None, **kwargs: Any) → List[Document]¶

Asynchronously invoke the retriever to get relevant documents.

Main entry point for asynchronous retriever invocations.

Parameters

input (str) – The query string
config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) – Configuration for the retriever
**kwargs (Any) – Additional arguments to pass to the retriever

Returns

List of relevant documents

Return type

List[Document]

Examples:

await retriever.ainvoke("query")

assign(**kwargs: Union[Runnable[Dict[str, Any], Any], Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Any], Mapping[str, Union[Runnable[Dict[str, Any], Any], Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Any]]]]) → RunnableSerializable[Any, Any]¶

Assigns new fields to the dict output of this runnable. Returns a new runnable.

from langchain_community.llms.fake import FakeStreamingListLLM
from langchain_core.output_parsers import StrOutputParser
from langchain_core.prompts import SystemMessagePromptTemplate
from langchain_core.runnables import Runnable
from operator import itemgetter

prompt = (
    SystemMessagePromptTemplate.from_template("You are a nice assistant.")
    + "{question}"
)
llm = FakeStreamingListLLM(responses=["foo-lish"])

chain: Runnable = prompt | llm | {"str": StrOutputParser()}

chain_with_assign = chain.assign(hello=itemgetter("str") | llm)

print(chain_with_assign.input_schema.schema())
# {'title': 'PromptInput', 'type': 'object', 'properties':
{'question': {'title': 'Question', 'type': 'string'}}}
print(chain_with_assign.output_schema.schema()) #
{'title': 'RunnableSequenceOutput', 'type': 'object', 'properties':
{'str': {'title': 'Str',
'type': 'string'}, 'hello': {'title': 'Hello', 'type': 'string'}}}

Parameters: kwargs (Union[Runnable[Dict[str, Any], Any], Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Any], Mapping[str, Union[Runnable[Dict[str, Any], Any], Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Any]]]]) –
Return type: RunnableSerializable[Any, Any]

async astream(input: Input, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None, **kwargs: Optional[Any]) → AsyncIterator[Output]¶

Default implementation of astream, which calls ainvoke. Subclasses should override this method if they support streaming output.

Parameters

input (Input) –
config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) –
kwargs (Optional[Any]) –

Return type

AsyncIterator[Output]

astream_events(input: Any, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None, *, version: Literal['v1'], include_names: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, include_types: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, include_tags: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, exclude_names: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, exclude_types: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, exclude_tags: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, **kwargs: Any) → AsyncIterator[StreamEvent]¶

[Beta] Generate a stream of events.

Use to create an iterator over StreamEvents that provide real-time information about the progress of the runnable, including StreamEvents from intermediate results.

A StreamEvent is a dictionary with the following schema:

event: str - Event names are of the
format: on_[runnable_type]_(start|stream|end).
name: str - The name of the runnable that generated the event.
run_id: str - randomly generated ID associated with the given execution of
the runnable that emitted the event. A child runnable that gets invoked as part of the execution of a parent runnable is assigned its own unique ID.
tags: Optional[List[str]] - The tags of the runnable that generated
the event.
metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] - The metadata of the runnable
that generated the event.
data: Dict[str, Any]

Below is a table that illustrates some evens that might be emitted by various chains. Metadata fields have been omitted from the table for brevity. Chain definitions have been included after the table.

event	name	chunk	input	output
on_chat_model_start	[model name]		{“messages”: [[SystemMessage, HumanMessage]]}
on_chat_model_stream	[model name]	AIMessageChunk(content=”hello”)
on_chat_model_end	[model name]		{“messages”: [[SystemMessage, HumanMessage]]}	{“generations”: […], “llm_output”: None, …}
on_llm_start	[model name]		{‘input’: ‘hello’}
on_llm_stream	[model name]	‘Hello’
on_llm_end	[model name]		‘Hello human!’
on_chain_start	format_docs
on_chain_stream	format_docs	“hello world!, goodbye world!”
on_chain_end	format_docs		[Document(…)]	“hello world!, goodbye world!”
on_tool_start	some_tool		{“x”: 1, “y”: “2”}
on_tool_stream	some_tool	{“x”: 1, “y”: “2”}
on_tool_end	some_tool			{“x”: 1, “y”: “2”}
on_retriever_start	[retriever name]		{“query”: “hello”}
on_retriever_chunk	[retriever name]	{documents: […]}
on_retriever_end	[retriever name]		{“query”: “hello”}	{documents: […]}
on_prompt_start	[template_name]		{“question”: “hello”}
on_prompt_end	[template_name]		{“question”: “hello”}	ChatPromptValue(messages: [SystemMessage, …])

Here are declarations associated with the events shown above:

format_docs:

def format_docs(docs: List[Document]) -> str:
    '''Format the docs.'''
    return ", ".join([doc.page_content for doc in docs])

format_docs = RunnableLambda(format_docs)

some_tool:

@tool
def some_tool(x: int, y: str) -> dict:
    '''Some_tool.'''
    return {"x": x, "y": y}

prompt:

template = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages(
    [("system", "You are Cat Agent 007"), ("human", "{question}")]
).with_config({"run_name": "my_template", "tags": ["my_template"]})

Example:

from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableLambda

async def reverse(s: str) -> str:
    return s[::-1]

chain = RunnableLambda(func=reverse)

events = [
    event async for event in chain.astream_events("hello", version="v1")
]

# will produce the following events (run_id has been omitted for brevity):
[
    {
        "data": {"input": "hello"},
        "event": "on_chain_start",
        "metadata": {},
        "name": "reverse",
        "tags": [],
    },
    {
        "data": {"chunk": "olleh"},
        "event": "on_chain_stream",
        "metadata": {},
        "name": "reverse",
        "tags": [],
    },
    {
        "data": {"output": "olleh"},
        "event": "on_chain_end",
        "metadata": {},
        "name": "reverse",
        "tags": [],
    },
]

Parameters

input (Any) – The input to the runnable.
config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) – The config to use for the runnable.
version (Literal['v1']) – The version of the schema to use. Currently only version 1 is available. No default will be assigned until the API is stabilized.
include_names (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Only include events from runnables with matching names.
include_types (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Only include events from runnables with matching types.
include_tags (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Only include events from runnables with matching tags.
exclude_names (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Exclude events from runnables with matching names.
exclude_types (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Exclude events from runnables with matching types.
exclude_tags (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Exclude events from runnables with matching tags.
kwargs (Any) – Additional keyword arguments to pass to the runnable. These will be passed to astream_log as this implementation of astream_events is built on top of astream_log.

Returns

An async stream of StreamEvents.

Return type

AsyncIterator[StreamEvent]

Notes

async astream_log(input: Any, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None, *, diff: bool = True, with_streamed_output_list: bool = True, include_names: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, include_types: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, include_tags: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, exclude_names: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, exclude_types: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, exclude_tags: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, **kwargs: Any) → Union[AsyncIterator[RunLogPatch], AsyncIterator[RunLog]]¶

Stream all output from a runnable, as reported to the callback system. This includes all inner runs of LLMs, Retrievers, Tools, etc.

Output is streamed as Log objects, which include a list of jsonpatch ops that describe how the state of the run has changed in each step, and the final state of the run.

The jsonpatch ops can be applied in order to construct state.

Parameters

input (Any) – The input to the runnable.
config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) – The config to use for the runnable.
diff (bool) – Whether to yield diffs between each step, or the current state.
with_streamed_output_list (bool) – Whether to yield the streamed_output list.
include_names (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Only include logs with these names.
include_types (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Only include logs with these types.
include_tags (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Only include logs with these tags.
exclude_names (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Exclude logs with these names.
exclude_types (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Exclude logs with these types.
exclude_tags (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Exclude logs with these tags.
kwargs (Any) –

Return type

Union[AsyncIterator[RunLogPatch], AsyncIterator[RunLog]]

async atransform(input: AsyncIterator[Input], config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None, **kwargs: Optional[Any]) → AsyncIterator[Output]¶

Default implementation of atransform, which buffers input and calls astream. Subclasses should override this method if they can start producing output while input is still being generated.

Parameters

input (AsyncIterator[Input]) –
config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) –
kwargs (Optional[Any]) –

Return type

AsyncIterator[Output]

batch(inputs: List[Input], config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]] = None, *, return_exceptions: bool = False, **kwargs: Optional[Any]) → List[Output]¶

Default implementation runs invoke in parallel using a thread pool executor.

The default implementation of batch works well for IO bound runnables.

Subclasses should override this method if they can batch more efficiently; e.g., if the underlying runnable uses an API which supports a batch mode.

Parameters

inputs (List[Input]) –
config (Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]]) –
return_exceptions (bool) –
kwargs (Optional[Any]) –

Return type

List[Output]

batch_as_completed(inputs: List[Input], config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]] = None, *, return_exceptions: bool = False, **kwargs: Optional[Any]) → Iterator[Tuple[int, Union[Output, Exception]]]¶

Run invoke in parallel on a list of inputs, yielding results as they complete.

Parameters

inputs (List[Input]) –
config (Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]]) –
return_exceptions (bool) –
kwargs (Optional[Any]) –

Return type

Iterator[Tuple[int, Union[Output, Exception]]]

bind(**kwargs: Any) → Runnable[Input, Output]¶

Bind arguments to a Runnable, returning a new Runnable.

Useful when a runnable in a chain requires an argument that is not in the output of the previous runnable or included in the user input.

Example:

from langchain_community.chat_models import ChatOllama
from langchain_core.output_parsers import StrOutputParser

llm = ChatOllama(model='llama2')

# Without bind.
chain = (
    llm
    | StrOutputParser()
)

chain.invoke("Repeat quoted words exactly: 'One two three four five.'")
# Output is 'One two three four five.'

# With bind.
chain = (
    llm.bind(stop=["three"])
    | StrOutputParser()
)

chain.invoke("Repeat quoted words exactly: 'One two three four five.'")
# Output is 'One two'

Parameters: kwargs (Any) –
Return type: Runnable[Input, Output]

config_schema(*, include: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) → Type[BaseModel]¶

The type of config this runnable accepts specified as a pydantic model.

To mark a field as configurable, see the configurable_fields and configurable_alternatives methods.

Parameters: include (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – A list of fields to include in the config schema.
Returns: A pydantic model that can be used to validate config.
Return type: Type[BaseModel]

configurable_alternatives(which: ConfigurableField, *, default_key: str = 'default', prefix_keys: bool = False, **kwargs: Union[Runnable[Input, Output], Callable[[], Runnable[Input, Output]]]) → RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]¶

Configure alternatives for runnables that can be set at runtime.

from langchain_anthropic import ChatAnthropic
from langchain_core.runnables.utils import ConfigurableField
from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI

model = ChatAnthropic(
    model_name="claude-3-sonnet-20240229"
).configurable_alternatives(
    ConfigurableField(id="llm"),
    default_key="anthropic",
    openai=ChatOpenAI()
)

# uses the default model ChatAnthropic
print(model.invoke("which organization created you?").content)

# uses ChatOpenaAI
print(
    model.with_config(
        configurable={"llm": "openai"}
    ).invoke("which organization created you?").content
)

Parameters

which (ConfigurableField) –
default_key (str) –
prefix_keys (bool) –
kwargs (Union[Runnable[Input, Output], Callable[[], Runnable[Input, Output]]]) –

Return type

RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]

configurable_fields(**kwargs: Union[ConfigurableField, ConfigurableFieldSingleOption, ConfigurableFieldMultiOption]) → RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]¶

Configure particular runnable fields at runtime.

from langchain_core.runnables import ConfigurableField
from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI

model = ChatOpenAI(max_tokens=20).configurable_fields(
    max_tokens=ConfigurableField(
        id="output_token_number",
        name="Max tokens in the output",
        description="The maximum number of tokens in the output",
    )
)

# max_tokens = 20
print(
    "max_tokens_20: ",
    model.invoke("tell me something about chess").content
)

# max_tokens = 200
print("max_tokens_200: ", model.with_config(
    configurable={"output_token_number": 200}
    ).invoke("tell me something about chess").content
)

Parameters: kwargs (Union[ConfigurableField, ConfigurableFieldSingleOption, ConfigurableFieldMultiOption]) –
Return type: RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]

classmethod construct(_fields_set: Optional[SetStr] = None, **values: Any) → Model¶

Creates a new model setting __dict__ and __fields_set__ from trusted or pre-validated data. Default values are respected, but no other validation is performed. Behaves as if Config.extra = ‘allow’ was set since it adds all passed values

Parameters

_fields_set (Optional[SetStr]) –
values (Any) –

Return type

Model

copy(*, include: Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]] = None, exclude: Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]] = None, update: Optional[DictStrAny] = None, deep: bool = False) → Model¶

Duplicate a model, optionally choose which fields to include, exclude and change.

Parameters

include (Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]]) – fields to include in new model
exclude (Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]]) – fields to exclude from new model, as with values this takes precedence over include
update (Optional[DictStrAny]) – values to change/add in the new model. Note: the data is not validated before creating the new model: you should trust this data
deep (bool) – set to True to make a deep copy of the model
self (Model) –

Returns

new model instance

Return type

Model

dict(*, include: Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]] = None, exclude: Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]] = None, by_alias: bool = False, skip_defaults: Optional[bool] = None, exclude_unset: bool = False, exclude_defaults: bool = False, exclude_none: bool = False) → DictStrAny¶

Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.

Parameters

include (Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]]) –
exclude (Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]]) –
by_alias (bool) –
skip_defaults (Optional[bool]) –
exclude_unset (bool) –
exclude_defaults (bool) –
exclude_none (bool) –

Return type

DictStrAny

classmethod from_orm(obj: Any) → Model¶

Parameters: obj (Any) –
Return type: Model

get_graph(config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None) → Graph¶

Return a graph representation of this runnable.

Parameters: config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) –
Return type: Graph

get_input_schema(config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None) → Type[BaseModel]¶

Get a pydantic model that can be used to validate input to the runnable.

Runnables that leverage the configurable_fields and configurable_alternatives methods will have a dynamic input schema that depends on which configuration the runnable is invoked with.

This method allows to get an input schema for a specific configuration.

Parameters: config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) – A config to use when generating the schema.
Returns: A pydantic model that can be used to validate input.
Return type: Type[BaseModel]

classmethod get_lc_namespace() → List[str]¶

Get the namespace of the langchain object.

For example, if the class is langchain.llms.openai.OpenAI, then the namespace is [“langchain”, “llms”, “openai”]

Return type: List[str]

get_name(suffix: Optional[str] = None, *, name: Optional[str] = None) → str¶

Get the name of the runnable.

Parameters

suffix (Optional[str]) –
name (Optional[str]) –

Return type

str

get_output_schema(config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None) → Type[BaseModel]¶

Get a pydantic model that can be used to validate output to the runnable.

Runnables that leverage the configurable_fields and configurable_alternatives methods will have a dynamic output schema that depends on which configuration the runnable is invoked with.

This method allows to get an output schema for a specific configuration.

Parameters: config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) – A config to use when generating the schema.
Returns: A pydantic model that can be used to validate output.
Return type: Type[BaseModel]

get_prompts(config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None) → List[BasePromptTemplate]¶

Parameters: config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) –
Return type: List[BasePromptTemplate]

get_relevant_documents(query: str, *, callbacks: Callbacks = None, tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, run_name: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs: Any) → List[Document]¶

[Deprecated] Retrieve documents relevant to a query.

Users should favor using .invoke or .batch rather than get_relevant_documents directly.

Parameters

query (str) – string to find relevant documents for
callbacks (Callbacks) – Callback manager or list of callbacks
tags (Optional[List[str]]) – Optional list of tags associated with the retriever. Defaults to None These tags will be associated with each call to this retriever, and passed as arguments to the handlers defined in callbacks.
metadata (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) – Optional metadata associated with the retriever. Defaults to None This metadata will be associated with each call to this retriever, and passed as arguments to the handlers defined in callbacks.
run_name (Optional[str]) – Optional name for the run.
kwargs (Any) –

Returns

List of relevant documents

Return type

List[Document]

Notes

Deprecated since version langchain-core==0.1.46: Use invoke instead.

invoke(input: str, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None, **kwargs: Any) → List[Document]¶

Invoke the retriever to get relevant documents.

Main entry point for synchronous retriever invocations.

Parameters

input (str) – The query string
config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) – Configuration for the retriever
**kwargs (Any) – Additional arguments to pass to the retriever

Returns

List of relevant documents

Return type

List[Document]

Examples:

retriever.invoke("query")

classmethod is_lc_serializable() → bool¶

Is this class serializable?

Return type: bool

json(*, include: Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]] = None, exclude: Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]] = None, by_alias: bool = False, skip_defaults: Optional[bool] = None, exclude_unset: bool = False, exclude_defaults: bool = False, exclude_none: bool = False, encoder: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None, models_as_dict: bool = True, **dumps_kwargs: Any) → unicode¶

Generate a JSON representation of the model, include and exclude arguments as per dict().

encoder is an optional function to supply as default to json.dumps(), other arguments as per json.dumps().

Parameters

include (Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]]) –
exclude (Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]]) –
by_alias (bool) –
skip_defaults (Optional[bool]) –
exclude_unset (bool) –
exclude_defaults (bool) –
exclude_none (bool) –
encoder (Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]]) –
models_as_dict (bool) –
dumps_kwargs (Any) –

Return type

unicode

classmethod lc_id() → List[str]¶

A unique identifier for this class for serialization purposes.

The unique identifier is a list of strings that describes the path to the object.

Return type: List[str]

map() → Runnable[List[Input], List[Output]]¶

Return a new Runnable that maps a list of inputs to a list of outputs, by calling invoke() with each input.

Example

from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableLambda

def _lambda(x: int) -> int:
    return x + 1

runnable = RunnableLambda(_lambda)
print(runnable.map().invoke([1, 2, 3])) # [2, 3, 4]

Return type: Runnable[List[Input], List[Output]]

classmethod parse_file(path: Union[str, Path], *, content_type: unicode = None, encoding: unicode = 'utf8', proto: Protocol = None, allow_pickle: bool = False) → Model¶

Parameters

path (Union[str, Path]) –
content_type (unicode) –
encoding (unicode) –
proto (Protocol) –
allow_pickle (bool) –

Return type

Model

classmethod parse_obj(obj: Any) → Model¶

Parameters: obj (Any) –
Return type: Model

classmethod parse_raw(b: Union[str, bytes], *, content_type: unicode = None, encoding: unicode = 'utf8', proto: Protocol = None, allow_pickle: bool = False) → Model¶

Parameters

b (Union[str, bytes]) –
content_type (unicode) –
encoding (unicode) –
proto (Protocol) –
allow_pickle (bool) –

Return type

Model

pick(keys: Union[str, List[str]]) → RunnableSerializable[Any, Any]¶

Pick keys from the dict output of this runnable.

Pick single key:

import json

from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableLambda, RunnableMap

as_str = RunnableLambda(str)
as_json = RunnableLambda(json.loads)
chain = RunnableMap(str=as_str, json=as_json)

chain.invoke("[1, 2, 3]")
# -> {"str": "[1, 2, 3]", "json": [1, 2, 3]}

json_only_chain = chain.pick("json")
json_only_chain.invoke("[1, 2, 3]")
# -> [1, 2, 3]

Pick list of keys:

from typing import Any

import json

from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableLambda, RunnableMap

as_str = RunnableLambda(str)
as_json = RunnableLambda(json.loads)
def as_bytes(x: Any) -> bytes:
    return bytes(x, "utf-8")

chain = RunnableMap(
    str=as_str,
    json=as_json,
    bytes=RunnableLambda(as_bytes)
)

chain.invoke("[1, 2, 3]")
# -> {"str": "[1, 2, 3]", "json": [1, 2, 3], "bytes": b"[1, 2, 3]"}

json_and_bytes_chain = chain.pick(["json", "bytes"])
json_and_bytes_chain.invoke("[1, 2, 3]")
# -> {"json": [1, 2, 3], "bytes": b"[1, 2, 3]"}

Parameters: keys (Union[str, List[str]]) –
Return type: RunnableSerializable[Any, Any]

pipe(*others: Union[Runnable[Any, Other], Callable[[Any], Other]], name: Optional[str] = None) → RunnableSerializable[Input, Other]¶

Compose this Runnable with Runnable-like objects to make a RunnableSequence.

Equivalent to RunnableSequence(self, *others) or self | others[0] | …

Example

from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableLambda

def add_one(x: int) -> int:
    return x + 1

def mul_two(x: int) -> int:
    return x * 2

runnable_1 = RunnableLambda(add_one)
runnable_2 = RunnableLambda(mul_two)
sequence = runnable_1.pipe(runnable_2)
# Or equivalently:
# sequence = runnable_1 | runnable_2
# sequence = RunnableSequence(first=runnable_1, last=runnable_2)
sequence.invoke(1)
await sequence.ainvoke(1)
# -> 4

sequence.batch([1, 2, 3])
await sequence.abatch([1, 2, 3])
# -> [4, 6, 8]

Parameters

others (Union[Runnable[Any, Other], Callable[[Any], Other]]) –
name (Optional[str]) –

Return type

RunnableSerializable[Input, Other]

classmethod schema(by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: unicode = '#/definitions/{model}') → DictStrAny¶

Parameters

by_alias (bool) –
ref_template (unicode) –

Return type

DictStrAny

classmethod schema_json(*, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: unicode = '#/definitions/{model}', **dumps_kwargs: Any) → unicode¶

Parameters

by_alias (bool) –
ref_template (unicode) –
dumps_kwargs (Any) –

Return type

unicode

stream(input: Input, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None, **kwargs: Optional[Any]) → Iterator[Output]¶

Default implementation of stream, which calls invoke. Subclasses should override this method if they support streaming output.

Parameters

input (Input) –
config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) –
kwargs (Optional[Any]) –

Return type

Iterator[Output]

to_json() → Union[SerializedConstructor, SerializedNotImplemented]¶

Serialize the runnable to JSON.

Return type: Union[SerializedConstructor, SerializedNotImplemented]

to_json_not_implemented() → SerializedNotImplemented¶

Return type: SerializedNotImplemented

transform(input: Iterator[Input], config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None, **kwargs: Optional[Any]) → Iterator[Output]¶

Default implementation of transform, which buffers input and then calls stream. Subclasses should override this method if they can start producing output while input is still being generated.

Parameters

input (Iterator[Input]) –
config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) –
kwargs (Optional[Any]) –

Return type

Iterator[Output]

classmethod update_forward_refs(**localns: Any) → None¶

Try to update ForwardRefs on fields based on this Model, globalns and localns.

Parameters: localns (Any) –
Return type: None

classmethod validate(value: Any) → Model¶

Parameters: value (Any) –
Return type: Model

with_config(config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None, **kwargs: Any) → Runnable[Input, Output]¶

Bind config to a Runnable, returning a new Runnable.

Parameters

config (Optional[RunnableConfig]) –
kwargs (Any) –

Return type

Runnable[Input, Output]

with_fallbacks(fallbacks: Sequence[Runnable[Input, Output]], *, exceptions_to_handle: Tuple[Type[BaseException], ...] = (<class 'Exception'>,), exception_key: Optional[str] = None) → RunnableWithFallbacksT[Input, Output]¶

Add fallbacks to a runnable, returning a new Runnable.

Example

from typing import Iterator

from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableGenerator


def _generate_immediate_error(input: Iterator) -> Iterator[str]:
    raise ValueError()
    yield ""


def _generate(input: Iterator) -> Iterator[str]:
    yield from "foo bar"


runnable = RunnableGenerator(_generate_immediate_error).with_fallbacks(
    [RunnableGenerator(_generate)]
    )
print(''.join(runnable.stream({}))) #foo bar

Parameters

fallbacks (Sequence[Runnable[Input, Output]]) – A sequence of runnables to try if the original runnable fails.
exceptions_to_handle (Tuple[Type[BaseException], ...]) – A tuple of exception types to handle.
exception_key (Optional[str]) – If string is specified then handled exceptions will be passed to fallbacks as part of the input under the specified key. If None, exceptions will not be passed to fallbacks. If used, the base runnable and its fallbacks must accept a dictionary as input.

Returns

A new Runnable that will try the original runnable, and then each fallback in order, upon failures.

Return type

RunnableWithFallbacksT[Input, Output]

with_listeners(*, on_start: Optional[Listener] = None, on_end: Optional[Listener] = None, on_error: Optional[Listener] = None) → Runnable[Input, Output]¶

Bind lifecycle listeners to a Runnable, returning a new Runnable.

on_start: Called before the runnable starts running, with the Run object. on_end: Called after the runnable finishes running, with the Run object. on_error: Called if the runnable throws an error, with the Run object.

The Run object contains information about the run, including its id, type, input, output, error, start_time, end_time, and any tags or metadata added to the run.

Example:

Parameters

on_start (Optional[Listener]) –
on_end (Optional[Listener]) –
on_error (Optional[Listener]) –

Return type

Runnable[Input, Output]

with_retry(*, retry_if_exception_type: ~typing.Tuple[~typing.Type[BaseException], ...] = (<class 'Exception'>,), wait_exponential_jitter: bool = True, stop_after_attempt: int = 3) → Runnable[Input, Output]¶

Create a new Runnable that retries the original runnable on exceptions.

Example:

Parameters

retry_if_exception_type (Tuple[Type[BaseException], ...]) – A tuple of exception types to retry on
wait_exponential_jitter (bool) – Whether to add jitter to the wait time between retries
stop_after_attempt (int) – The maximum number of attempts to make before giving up

Returns

A new Runnable that retries the original runnable on exceptions.

Return type

Runnable[Input, Output]

with_types(*, input_type: Optional[Type[Input]] = None, output_type: Optional[Type[Output]] = None) → Runnable[Input, Output]¶

Bind input and output types to a Runnable, returning a new Runnable.

Parameters

input_type (Optional[Type[Input]]) –
output_type (Optional[Type[Output]]) –

Return type

Runnable[Input, Output]

property InputType: Type[Input]¶: The type of input this runnable accepts specified as a type annotation.

property OutputType: Type[Output]¶: The type of output this runnable produces specified as a type annotation.

property config_specs: List[ConfigurableFieldSpec]¶: List configurable fields for this runnable.

property input_schema: Type[BaseModel]¶: The type of input this runnable accepts specified as a pydantic model.

property lc_attributes: Dict¶

List of attribute names that should be included in the serialized kwargs.

These attributes must be accepted by the constructor.

property lc_secrets: Dict[str, str]¶

A map of constructor argument names to secret ids.

For example,: {“openai_api_key”: “OPENAI_API_KEY”}

name: Optional[str] = None¶: The name of the runnable. Used for debugging and tracing.

property output_schema: Type[BaseModel]¶: The type of output this runnable produces specified as a pydantic model.

Examples using ParentDocumentRetriever¶

This text splitter is used to create the child documents

langchain.retrievers.parent_document_retriever.ParentDocumentRetriever¶

Examples using ParentDocumentRetriever¶

`langchain.retrievers.parent_document_retriever`.ParentDocumentRetriever¶